A Windows Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) is a serious system error that can occur for various reasons, including hardware issues, driver problems, or software conflicts. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you diagnose and resolve BSOD issues on Windows:

1. Note Down the Error Message:
   • When a BSOD occurs, it typically displays an error message along with a stop code (e.g., “IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL” or “PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA”). Write down or take a photo of this information as it can be helpful for troubleshooting.
2. Restart Your Computer:
   • The BSOD usually causes your computer to restart automatically. If not, manually restart your computer.
3. Boot into Safe Mode:
   • If your computer repeatedly encounters BSODs and doesn’t boot normally, try booting into Safe Mode. Safe Mode loads a minimal set of drivers and may allow you to troubleshoot without additional crashes.
   • To boot into Safe Mode, restart your computer and press the F8 key repeatedly before the Windows logo appears. Select “Safe Mode” or “Safe Mode with Networking.”
4. Uninstall Recently Installed Software or Updates:
   • If you recently installed new software or updates, especially drivers or system updates, they could be the cause of the BSOD. Uninstall any suspicious or recently installed programs.
   • In Safe Mode, you can access the “Programs and Features” or “Add or Remove Programs” section in the Control Panel to uninstall software.
5. Update Drivers:
   • Outdated or incompatible drivers can lead to BSODs. Visit the manufacturer’s website for your computer or individual hardware components (e.g., graphics card, network adapter) and download the latest driver updates.
   • You can also use Windows Device Manager to update drivers.
6. Run Windows Memory Diagnostic:
   • BSODs can occur due to faulty RAM. Run the built-in Windows Memory Diagnostic tool to check for memory problems:
     • Press Win + S, type “Windows Memory Diagnostic,” and open the app.
     • Choose “Restart now and check for problems.”
     • The tool will run a memory test during the next boot and report any issues.
7. Check for Disk Errors:
   • Disk errors or a failing hard drive can cause BSODs. Run the built-in Windows Check Disk utility:
     • Open Command Prompt as an administrator.
     • Type chkdsk /f and press Enter.
     • Follow any prompts to schedule a disk check, and restart your computer.